a JOINT effort by COMMANDER ENTERPRISE & Rx Zenabi
ISDN, short for Integrated Services Digital Network, refers to a hybrid digital format in the world of digital telecommunications. It delivers voice, data, graphics, and other components at the same time, using a traditional PSTN, or public switched telephone network.
Just as the name implies, it combines at least two or three component services into one digital transmission line and assures uniform speeds throughout. This is very much applicable to telecommunications services with data and multimedia-enhanced telecommunications, data downloads and uploads, fax services, and other hybrid telecommunications.
The 90s, ISDN and FSOL: The Future Sound of London
Its 90s glory days, ISDN seemingly became a cutting-edge format in the mid- to late dial-up eras of the internet, for its ability to carry voice, data, and multimedia services in one main line connection. It was also faster than the normal dial-up connection, which was at a maximum of 56 Kbps, whereas a normal ISDN connection had a 64kbps (single channel) to 128kbps speed range (for those that have two channels, at 64kbps each).
Prominently, British electronic music duo The Future Sound of London released two versions of their album ISDN in 1994 and 1995. It was a collection of their live music broadcast over ISDN lines to various radio stations.
They repeated this again on the 1997 album, ISDN Show, which was, as the name implies, a live FSOL show that was “netcast” using ISDN technology. It was one of the first times that musicians used digital global transmissions via this technology, and at that time, it seemed like it would be one of the next big formats in telecommunications and the internet.
The ISDN Format Today
These days, ISDN isn’t a preferred format for most data transmission and internet connections. ISDN is primarily for telecommunications. |
Since its heyday in the mid-90s and into the very early millennium period, faster and more reliable broadband internet services such as ADSL, Cable, 4G Wi-Fi, NBN, and a few others eclipsed it. This is due to the speed limits of a typical ISDN connection, which could only be anywhere from 64kbps to a maximum of 128kbps, which isn’t really a lot compared to the more common formats we already use. Today, some businesses and companies still use it for phones and smaller data transmission applications.
Most normal ISDN connections that are still around are the Basic Rate Interface type. Residences and smaller businesses still use it, and it carries two channels that service 64kbps each, totaling up to 128kbps. The other format, which is the Primary Rate Interface type, is in use by bigger telecommunications businesses and organisations, and uses several channels with a 64kbps rate each, capable of much faster data and voice transmissions.
However, much like the much-maligned dial-up, ISDN still does exist and does deliver, but it’s still very limited and mostly appears in its faster form in the PRI format, or Primary Rate Interface. Its inability to keep up with the newer and much faster transmission formats has since relegated its fastest version mainly to telecommunications use. Still, an ISDN set-up today for a business or telecommunications company will have enough channels for setting up reliable and high-performing digital phone networks, or a combination of phones, telecommunications equipment, and fax lines.
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FSOL
ISDN
Virgin Records
(review by: R Ibanez)
ISDN is pretty much a live album by electronic experimentalists FSOL, or Future Sound of London, using ISDN digital phone link technology. These tracks were transmitted live to radio station networks in Holland, Europe, and New York, from Earthbeat Studios in London, back in 1994, in some sort of guerrilla-radio-style transmissions.
The difference between this and the majority of live albums was that there was no audience to engage and interact with. It was a collection of studio performances transmitted live and collected as a release.
But even then, FSOL was firing on all cylinders with a psychedelic mix of downtempo beats, triphop, ambient, and electronic beat-driven intensity that in the 90s many termed electronica. But this was just a general umbrella term for all types of experimental, techno, and mainstream industrial music that went on to that late 90s MTV hype.
FSOL at this period was more downbeat, trippy, and experimental than many of their jittery, dancey, or more aggressive peers that caught the attention of the MTV generation. ISDN proved that as far as live albums go, you can capture a live set, or sets, and have the same kind of red-hot intensity and performance without crowd interaction or feedback.
In-Studio Live + Robert Fripp
The comfort of the studio, without the anxiety and live crowd noise added to the isolationist atmosphere of ISDN. Some of the guitar parts are from their live jams with Robert Fripp of King Crimson, adding textural flourishes in the midst of the heavy, calculated beats and electronic sounds.
After the same Crimson alumni Adrian Belew’s earlier heavy, noisy collabs with NIN on The Downward Spiral, Fripp’s electronics collab is in contrast more sample-like and meditative, playing along with dark, heavy beats on “A Study of Six Guitars”.
ISDN’s darker, warped, and trippier downbeat style on this live album sounds great and plays as one whole album. The fact that these tracks were from three different transmissions through the cutting-edge tech of ISDN radio transmissions, there is still a steady and hypnotic flow that’s perfect. It sounds fantastic, given the maximum bitrate of ISDN and the resulting live sound from the radio netcasts.
Many people aren’t even aware of ISDN these days. But in the 90s, its future sounded bright, until ADSL and fibre went on and became the standard for internet and streaming. Despite that, FSOL managed to create a killer album that maximized the possibilities of a now-archaic form of internet technology, and regardless, it stands as a great electronic experimental record and remains one of the best in FSOL’s discography.
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